LITERATURE FORM 1 – LISTENING TO AND UNDERSTANDING SIMPLE TEXTS ABOUT A VARIETY OF EVENTS AND SITUATION msomimaktaba, November 11, 2018February 13, 2019 Graduation day The morning was full of drumbeats, laughter and everybody was happy. It was a graduation day for standard seven leavers. All students looked very smart including Kadoka who was always dirty. In the morning we were given a time table showing what would happen through the day. The following is the graduation time table. GRADUATION TIME TABLE VOCABULARY Graduation – a party of student who has finished school Activities – work Arrange – plan e.g. The teacher said that we should arrange our chair properly Imagine – think of it Example: Imagine a female present in Tanzania Exercise Make two sentences using the words; Graduation and activities ………………….. …………………. STRUCTURE. Prepositions of Time “At” and “in” Examples The party started at 8:00 The guest of honor arrived at 12:00 We ate lunch in the evening The sleep at right We arrived at school in the morning Exercise White a composition at your first day at school MY FIRST DAY AT SECONDARY SCHOOL My name is Evelyn Livoga, my father’s name is Mr. Livoga and my mother’s name is Mrs. Grace Livoga. I am fifteen years old. I am black in colour and tall, thin in size. My first day at secondary school was exciting. I was very excited. When I arrived at school saw some of my friends who come to me and helped me with my luggage to the Head Mistress office for checkup. I waved by to my parents and they gave me a hug. When I went to the office they checked my luggage and they showed me the way to the dormitory. I went to the dormitory hurriedly and keep my luggage. Then I took bath and I went to class. When I reached to the class I made my friends and they gave me a lot of loving company. After a half an hour the bell rang and everybody followed the bell. All the teachers come in front of us and started introducing themselves and lastly the Head Mistress introduced herself. Her name is Sis. Magreth. When it reached seven O’clock we had our first dinner at this precious school called St. Joseph Millennium Secondary School. After one and half hour we had our evening prayers and we went to our dormitory to sleep, since then our patron come and showed everybody her room. After that I prepared my bed and I have my bed ready to sleep. My room where very charming and the patron was very good. I pray for myself and I slept. I hope my road of success will be successful at the end. SPORT DAY (Story book about sports example football) Vocabulary Suddenly – Quickly Spectator – People who are watching something Exciting – something you enjoy so much Attract – make people like to see something EXERCISE Make two sentences using the words spectators and Exciting (i) ————————– (ii) ————————– AN ACCIDENT (Story/texts book about accident) VOCABLARY Tough – difficult, hard Restless – worried Obviously – very true No more – dead EXERCISE Make two sentences using the words Restless and No more (i) ————— (ii) ————— Structures Personal Pronouns Words like I, we, he, she, ect. Are called Personal Pronouns. They are divided into singular and plural Structures NOUN: Is the naming word of people, places or things. Examples: Ally, Jack, Tanzania, Kariakoo, Arusha. EXERCISE 1. Write down five nouns to each of the following Animals. Building Lakes Mountains Singular and plural Sheep – sheep Halves – half Wolves – wolf (iv) Feet – foot Armies – army Inches – inch Loaves – loaf Wives – wife Structure Singular and Plural Plural Nouns can be formed by Adding “s” to the singular Nouns. Example: Circle – Circles Day – days Roof – roofs Tutor – tutors Changing “y” to – ies Example Army – armies Aunty – aunties Lady – ladies Factory – factories Note: in nouns ending with “y” do not change”y” if it is preceded by a vowel Example: toy – toys so simply add (“es”) but if “y” is preceded by a consonant change “y” in to “I” and then add “-es” Example: fly – flies Add “es” to singular Nouns ending in “s”, “ss”, “x”, “z”, “ch”, “sh” and “o” Example: Match – matches Gas – gases Princess – princesses Tax – taxes Hero – heroes Changing “f” or “fe” in singular Nouns to “-ve” Example: Calf – calves Half – halves Knife – knives Life – lives Thief – thieves Note: seven Nouns change their vowels Man – men Foot – feet Goose – geese Woman – women Tooth – teeth Louse – lice Mouse – mice Pronoun and verbs Is – are Was – were He/she/it – they Him – them I – we That – those This – these My – our Mine – ours His/hers – theirs Note: Noun: Irregular Plurals: Noun with the hissing sound i.e -sh -ch -x to be in plural add -es -z EXERCISE Write the plural of the following noun (i) box hero knife leaf church inch fly Exercise Make the following sentences plural (Remember to change the pronouns as well) Example: That chair is broken Those chairs are broken That baby is sick He broke his foot I am a good student That thief has a knife That boy has a phone HOW TO ASK QUESTION There are many ways of asking questions you can ask a question using the word “is” – Is she late? Is she in this class? Is she sick? Asking questions using “are” – Are they late? Are they in this class? Are they sick? Asking questions using “was” – Was she late? Was she in this class? Was she sick? Asking questions using “were” – Were they late? Were they in this class? Were they sick? Exercise Fill in is, was, are, were in the right space ________they punished yesterday? ________they doing maths now? ________ She suffering from malaria? _____ We going home now? LISTENING TO DICTATIONS Tail /tale Glow /grow Sun / son Bare / bear Hair / hare/ heir Sea / see Beep / bip Deep/ dip Raise / rise Lake / like Structure PROPER AND COMMON NOUNS (a) Proper Nouns: A single reference. Example Mt. Kilimanjaro refers to one particular mountain. We normally use capital letters for the first letter of a proper Noun. Example: Kibile and Riwa are Proper Nouns. Chair and bus are Common Nouns. (b) Common Nouns: Are ordinary groups of names of persons and things such as child, gentle man students, cow, city, chair etc. There is no uniqueness in common Nouns. For, Example, if one says “a city” it can be any city. It is different from Dar es Salaam or Kilimanjaro which is the only city Called so. We do not capital letters for the first letter of a common Noun. The Differences between Proper and common Nouns Proper Nouns differ from common Nouns in three ways: They are not usually used with articles we cannot say for example: A London The John A Nairobi Proper Nouns do not usually allow plurals Examples: Kilimanjaros Two Aminas Musomas Note: You must use articles with common Noun (unless they are uncountable) For example: Book is black, But you can say a book is black EXERCISE Write the following sentences correctly I went to a Arusha last week Please bring me table (c) Are you a Rose? (d) Elephant is a big animal GIVING DIRECTIONS The main purpose of this topic is to give compass direction mainly four cardinal points i.e. East, West, North, South The compass The compass is instrument for find direction. It has magnetized needle which sits on a face. The face has different directions drawn on it.The needle always points to the magnetic north.The compass sometimes called Magnetic compass. Common words include; left, right, straight, crossing, opposite, adjacent, behind, in front of , next to, near by Asking for and giving directions Rehema : Excuse me could you tell me the way to the pharmacy? Suzy : yes, it’s that the way, just go straight away after two houses turn left, it’s on the corner opposite the post office. Rehema : Thanks, I’ have only been in town for a few days, so I really don’t know my way around yet Suzy : Oh! I know how you feel. I was born in this town so I know where everything is. Interrogative /ways to ask or show directions Can you direct me to ……………… Response direction Turn left/ right go straight to ……… at Zebra crossing take a bus to………………. On your left follow Hanang street then keep right. Exercise Look at the Map below. Imaging your one of the children asking for the direction.Practice asking for and giving directions to: 1 The mosque The dispensary The market The school 5.The agriculture office Locating places Discuss the location of the school -Where the school situated in Tanzania?(north,south, East, west or central) -Is it in town or in the countryside ? -Are there any houses,shops or offices nearby? – How many roads lead to the school? -Do the roads leading to your school have name? Structure Comparatives and superlatives There are three main ways of making comparisons; AS + ORDINARY FORM OF THE ADJECTIVE OR ADVERBS + AS E.g His essay is as long as mine This book is as interesting as were read last Monday COMPARATIVE FORM OF THE ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB +THAN E.g That house is bigger than mine They did the test more carefully than we did LESS + ORDINARY FORM OF THE ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB + THAN E.g The tail of the ship is less longer than that dog This news is less interesting than one I read last weekend There are three main pattern of making superlative . i. definite article + superlative form of the adjective or adverb E.g The Giraffe is the tallest of all animals ii. One of +definite article + superlative form of adjective E.g This novel is one of the most interesting we have ever read iii. Definite article + least + ordinary form of Adjective or Adverb E.g All the book we have read this one is the least interesting Words used to compare things are called COMPARATIVES Examples: Big bigger biggest Note: er must go with than Example: An Elephant is the biggest animal If a word cannot take –est use most Example: Suzy is more beautiful than Rhoda est must go with the Example: An elephant is the biggest animal If a word cannot take –est use most Example: Suzy is the most beautiful girl in the class Exercise Change the words in the brackets and write the whole sentence correctly! An apple is (small) a pumpkin Air planes are (fast) than cars A snail is (slow) a snake James is (tall) me Miss Tanzania is (beautiful) my sister English Study Notes Form 1 English Study Notes Msomi Maktaba All Notes FORM 1
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