FORM 5

FORM 6

• Coordinates and Coordinate systems
  
• Projection
  
• Global Positioning Systems
  
• Conceptual models of geographic space
  
• Georeferencing and spatial data capture

• The remote sensing system
  
• Image acquisition and structure
  
• Resolution
  
• Image interpretation

FORM 5

FORM 6

• levels of measurement
  
• univariate statistics
  
• bivariate statistics
  
• graphs and maps
  
• research techniques

• spatial interpolation
  
• measures of spatial autocorrelation

FORM 5

FORM 6

• Environmental pollution and environmental degradation
  
• Causes, effects and control measures of degradation
  
• Environmental Impact Assessment
  
• Environmental management projects

FORM 5

FORM 6

• Energy Budgets
  
• The Earth-Atmosphere Energy Budget
  
• Weather Processes
  
• Air Masses
  

• Micro-climates
  
• Climate Change
  
• Weather and Climatic Hazards and mitigation

FORM 5

FORM 6

• Plate Tectonics
  
• Rocks and Weathering
  
• Slope Development
  

• Tropical Landforms Development
  
• Hazards, Impact and Mitigation

FORM 5

FORM 6

• The Drainage Basin System
  
• Rainfall-Discharge Relationships within drainage Basins
  
• River channel processes and landforms
  
• Hydrological hazards and Mitigation

FORM 5

FORM 6

• Plant succession
  
• Biogeochemical cycles & Gerschmel diagram
  
• Biomass & biomes (tropical and temperate biomes)
  
• Biodiversity (plant and animal diversity)
  
• Plant and animal adaptation

• Soil forming factors, soil profiles and soil catena
  
• Measurement of soil characteristics
  
• Sustainable management of ecosystem
  

FORM 5

FORM 6

• Site and location of settlements
  
• Settlement hierarchy
  
• Settlement and Growth points
  
• Land reform and resettlement
  
• Functions of rural and urban settlements
  
• Rural-urban interaction
  
• Urbanisation and counter urbanisation

• Urban morphology
  
• Settlement development
  
• Spheres of influence
  
• Delimitation of the CBD
  
• Rural and urban landuse planning
  

FORM 5

FORM 6

• Population indicators
  
• Population health and diseases
  
• Population growth
  
• Population-Resource Relationships
  

   

   

  
   

• Migration
  
• Patterns of migration
  
• Causes and impacts of migration
  
• Population policies
  

FORM 5

FORM 6

• Factors affecting agricultural production
  
• Agricultural Location
  
• Farming systems in the Tropics
  
• The Green Revolution
  

  
   

• Land Reform and food security
  
• Value addition and Agribusiness
  
• Climate change and other threats to food security

FORM 5

FORM 6

• Factors affecting Location of industry
  
• Industrial Location and relocation
  
• Small and medium scale Enterprises
  
• Industrial Linkages and Agglomeration
  
• Hi-tech industries
  
• Tourism industry
  

FORM 5

FORM 6

• Mining legislation and policies of Zimbabwe
  
• Environmental Impact Assessment
  
• Prospecting methods
  
• Mineralogy
  
• Small and large scale mining enterprise
  
• Impacts of mining and mitigation
  

   

• Value addition and Beneficiation methods
  
• Marketing of minerals
  
• Safety and health in mining

FORM 5

FORM 6

• Sources of energy in Zimbabwe: Actual and Potential
  
• Clean sources of energy (going green)
  
• Green energy generation
  

• Global distribution of energy sources
  
• Global trends in energy use
  
• Sustainable management of energy sources
  

FORM 5

FORM 6

• Distribution of transport systems and their purposes in Zimbabwe.
  
• Factors governing patterns of transport networks.
  
• Transport enterprise
  

  
   

• Trade policies in Zimbabwe and their impact on trade
  
• Current trends in Zimbabwean trade
  
• Global inequalities in trade flows and solutions
  
• Factors influencing global trade patterns
  
• Trade opportunities in the local area

FORM 5

FORM 6

• Indicators of economic development
  
• Economic activities (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary) and their role in economic development
  
• Regional inequalities (causes, nature, impacts and solutions)

• SMEs in Zimbabwe and their impact on economic development
  

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Coordinates and Coordinate systems

• locate features using the different coordinate types
  
• distinguish the major coordinate systems

• Geographic coordinates
  
• Plane coordinates
  
• Polar coordinates
  
• Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system

• Identifying different coordinate types on both digital and hard copy maps
  
• Distinguishing the major coordinate systems

• Recommended textbooks
  
• GIS software (QGIS, ILWIS, Arcmap, Arcview)
  
• Computers
  
• Hard copy Surveyor General maps
  

Projection

• Project a vector layer from one coordinate system to another

• Forward projection
  
• Inverse projection
  
• Examples of forward projections (cylindrical, conical and azimuthal)

Projecting a vector layer from one coordinate system to another

• Recommended textbooks
  
• GIS software (QGIS, ILWIS, Arcmap, Arcview)
  
• Computers
  
• Hard copy Surveyor General maps
  

Global Positioning Systems

(GPS)

• demonstrate knowledge on how GPS measure location
  
• mark location using GPS
  
• navigate using GPS
  
• identify possible error in GPS position and suggest solutions
  

• Trilateration
  
• Sources of GPS error

• Marking location using GPS in the field
  
• Navigating in the field using GPS
  
• Collecting data in the field using GPS
  
• Displaying collected vector data in a GIS
  

• Recommended textbooks
  
• Hand held GPS set/
  

  Smart phone
  

• GIS software (QGIS, ILWIS, Arcmap, Arcview)
  
• Computers
  
• Hard copy Surveyor General maps
  

Conceptual models of geographic space

• distinguish between vector and raster models
  
• use appropriate model for a given geographic dataset

• Vector data model (point, line, polygon)
  
• Raster data model

• Visualising (distinguish) vector data in a GIS
  
• Visualising raster data in a GIS

• Recommended textbooks
  
• GIS software (QGIS, ILWIS, Arcmap, Arcview)
  
• Computers
  
• Braille material and equipment
  
• Talking book
  
• Hard copy Surveyor General maps

Georeferencing and spatial data capture

• georeference a scanned/ embossed hard copy map
  
• capture spatial data from the map using on screen digitisation
  
• produce a map layout from the captured vector data

• Georeferencing
  
• Measurement of Georeference error [Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)]
  
• Resampling
  
• Digitisation and associated error
  

• Identifying ground control points
  
• Georeferencing a scanned/embossed hard copy map in a GIS
  
• Calculating georeferencing error using the RMSE
  
• Resampling the georeferenced image
  
• Digitising selected features
  
• Producing a map layout in a GIS

• Recommended textbooks
  
• Scanner
  
• Braille material and equipment
  
• Talking book
  
• GPS
  
• GIS software (QGIS, ILWIS, Arcmap, Arcview)
  
• Computers
  
• Hard copy Surveyor General maps
  

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Levels of measurement

• distinguish the levels of measurement
  
• determine the range of statistical analyses that can be done on each data type

• Nominal data
  
• Ordinal data
  
• Interval data
  
• Ratio data
  
• Cyclic data
  
• Statistical analyses that can be done on the data types

• Distinguishing the levels of measurement
  
• Determining the range of statistical analyses that can be done on each data type

• Recommended textbooks
  
• Scientific/talking calculators
  
• Computers
  

Univariate statistics

• describe geographic data using simple univariate measures of central tendency
  
• apply univariate statistics to solve geographic issues
  

• Mean
  
• Median
  
• Mode
  
• Frequency
  
• Quartiles
  
• Standard deviation
  
• Probability
  
• Testing for normality
  
• Hypotheses setting and testing
  

• Collecting geographic data in the field (e.g. temperature, rainfall and elevation)
  
• Summarising the data using selected measures of central tendency
  
• Testing hypotheses

• Recommended textbooks
  
• Scientific/talking calculators
  
• Computers
  
• Statistical software [e.g., R software, JAWS software, Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), Statistica]
  
• Braille material and equipment
  
• Talking book
  

  
   

Bivariate statistics

• describe geographic data using bivariate statistics
  
• apply bivariate statistics to solve geographic issues
  

• Correlation (Spearman and Pearson’s Correlation)
  
• Simple linear regression

• Collecting geographic data in the field such as temperature, rainfall and population
  
• Testing for correlation using relevant statistics
  
• Performing a regression test using relevant statistics.
  
• Describing geographic data associations based on the 2 statistical tests (correlation and regression)
  

• Recommended textbooks
  
• Scientific/talking calculators
  
• Computers
  
• Statistical software (e.g., R software, JAWS software SPSS, Statistica)
  
• Braille material and equipment
  
• Talking book
  
• Graph paper
  
• Local environment

Graphs and maps

• present geographic data on graphs
  
• present geographic data on maps
  
• describe geographic data using other relevant diagrams
  

• Graphs such as histogram, bar graph, line graph, pie charts, scatter graph
  
• Geographic diagrams such as choropleth maps, dot map, proportional circles, population pyramids
  
• Map layouts
  

• Presenting geographic data using relevant graphs, diagrams or map
  
• Interpret graphs and maps

• Recommended textbooks
  
• Scientific/talking calculators
  
• Computers
  
• Statistical software (e.g., R software, JAWS software SPSS, Statistica)
  
• Braille material and equipment
  
• Talking book
  
• Graph/embossed paper
  
• Hard copy maps
  
• GIS software (e.g., QGIS, ILWIS, Arcmap, Arcview)
  

Research techniques

• Apply research techniques in solving geographical issues

• Research techniques
  
  • Problem identification
    
  • Hypothesis formulation
    
  • Data collection
    
  • Data presentation, analysis and hypothesis testing
    
  • Conclusion and recommendations

• Explaining research techniques
  
• Applying research techniques in solving real geographic problems

• Talking books
  
• Data collection tools
  
• Local environments
  
• Talking calculators
  
• Resource persons
  
• SPSS

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Environmental pollution and environmental degradation

• describe environmental pollution and degradation
  
• identify types of environmental pollution and degradation
  

• Environmental pollution
  
  • Water
    
  • Land
    
  • Air
    
  • Sight/visual
    
  • Noise
    

• degradation
  
  • soil
    
  • land
    

• carrying out a research in a polluted area
  
• Contrasting types of pollution and degradation in urban and rural areas
  

  
   

• Local environment
  
• Recommended textbooks
  
• Talking books
  
• Print and electronic media showing polluted environments
  
• Resource persons

Causes, effects and control measures of pollution

• Outline causes of environmental pollution
  
• Identify effects of environmental pollution in rural and urban areas
  
• evaluate mitigatory measures of pollution
  

• Environmental pollution
  
  • Causes
    
  • Effects
    
  • mitigation

• Describing causes and effects of pollution in their locality
  
• Measuring levels of pollution of selected parameters such as temperature, Ph, turbidity, E-coli
  
• Evaluating control measures of pollution

• Local environment
  
• Recommended textbooks
  
• Print and electronic media showing polluted environments
  
• Resource persons

Causes, effects and control measures of environmental degradation

• outline causes of environmental degradation
  
• identify effects of environmental degradation in rural and urban areas
  
• evaluate mitigatory measures of degradation

• Environmental degradation
  
  • Causes
    
  • Effects
    
  • Mitigation
    
• Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS)

• Describing
  

  causes and effects of degradation in their locality
  

• Evaluating control measures of degradation
  
• Adopting and reclaiming a degraded environment as a voluntary community project
  
• Documenting and applying IKS in their locality

• Local environment
  
• Recommended textbooks
  
• Print and electronic media showing degraded environments
  
• Talking books
  
• Resource persons

TOPIC    

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Energy budgets

• differentiate diurnal from nocturnal solar radiation for a given day

• Variations in diurnal and nocturnal solar radiation

• Simulating solar radiation for day time and night time in a given day

• Recommended
  

  textbooks
  

• Talking books
  
• Torch or light
  

  bulb
  

• The globe.
  
• Oblique plastics
  

   

  
   

The Earth-Atmosphere energy budget

• illustrate heat transfer from areas of excess heat to areas of heat deficit.
  
• explain methods of heat transfer from areas of excess to areas of deficit

• Global energy transfer
  
  • Vertical transfer
    
  • Lateral transfer

• Demarcating areas with heat excess from those with heat deficit
  
• Outlining the methods of heat transfer

• Recommended
  

  textbooks
  

• Talking books
  
  • The globe
    
    • Torch or light bulb

Weather processes and phenomena

• contrast atmospheric stability and instability to show different weather phenomena

• Atmospheric stability and instability
  
  • Theories of raindrop formation
    
  • Types of precipitation

• Illustrating atmospheric stability and instability(ELR,
  

  DALR,SALR and FALR)
  

• Recommended
  

  textbooks
  

• Talking books
  

Air masses

• distinguish air masses according to their source regions
  
• explain modification of air masses from source regions
  
• examine the effects of air masses
  
• explain weather associated with cyclones and anticyclones

• Characteristics of air masses
  
• Modification of air masses
  
• Effects of air masses
  
• Air masses affecting Zimbabwe
  
• Cyclones and anticyclones

• Identifying source regions of different air masses
  

(Continental, maritime, polar)

• Identifying surface pressure systems from remotely sensed data
  

• Recommended
  

  textbooks
  

• Talking books
  
  • World map
    
  • Satellite images
    
  • Computer
    

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Plate tectonics

• distinguish features related to constructive and destructive plate boundaries

• Constructive and destructive plate boundaries
  
• Tectonic processes and related features
  
  • Earthquakes
    
  • Vulcanicity
    
  • Folding
    
  • Faulting

• Modelling fold mountains using the digital elevation model ( DEM)
  
• Simulating tectonic processes

• Recommended
  

  textbooks
  

• Talking books
  

   

  • Computer with GIS software like ArcView, QGIS
    
  • Animations

Rocks and weathering

• justify weathering types according to different climatic conditions
  

   

• explain non climatic factors affecting weathering

• weathering types in different climatic conditions
  

• non climatic factors affecting weathering
  
  • rock characteristics
    
  • relief
    
  • vegetation
    
  • human influence

• Illustrating weathering types on the Peltier diagram
  

• Discussing non climatic factors affecting weathering
  
• Identifying weathering types on exposed rocks

• Recommended
  

  textbooks
  

• Talking books
  
• Peltier diagram
  
• Rock samples
  
• Local environment
  

Slope development

• Identify different slope profiles
  
• evaluate processes of slope development

• Factors affecting slope forms
  
• Slope development processes
  

• Illustrating pediplanation, peneplanation, etchplanation
  
• Measuring slope angle, slope height

• Recommended
  

  textbooks
  

• Talking books
  
• Nearby stream/landforms
  
• Ranging rods, tape measure,
  
• Clinometer
  
• Hammer

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Drainage basin systems

• analyse the drainage basin system
  

   

   

   

   

• evaluate the sustainable management of ground water sources

• The drainage basin system
  
  • Inputs
    
  • Processes/flows
    
  • Outputs
    
  • Stores
    

     

• Ground Water
  
  • Occurrence
    
  • Quantity and quality
    
  • Sustainable management of ground water

• Illustrating the drainage basin system
  

   

   

   

• Testing ground water quality
  
• Surveying ground water occurrence using IKS and scientific methods
  
• Afforestation/reforestation of the drainage basin area
  

   

   

   

  
   

• Recommended Textbooks
  
• Talking Books
  
• Local rivers/Drainage basins
  
• Water testing kit
  
• Indigenous resources
  
• Resource person
  
• Indigenous tree seedlings such as Mitohwe/Uxakuxaku
  

Rainfall discharge Relationships within drainage basins

• analyse rainfall-discharge relationships within drainage basins
  

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

• manage drainage basin
  

• Interpretation of storm hydrographs
  

• Stream morphometry
  
  • Stream ordering
    
  • Stream density
    
  • Stream intensity
    

  
   

• Measuring various fluvial parameters
  

NB: to be done under teacher supervision for safety and health

• Drawing storm hydrographs
  
• Hypotheses testing for relationships
  

   

   

   

   

• Calculating stream morphometry

• Recommended Textbooks
  
• Talking Books
  
• Measuring instruments such as raingauge, river discharge gauging station MS Excel /Graph paper
  
• SPSS
  
• Ordinance survey maps
  
• Cartwheel (measuring wheel)
  
• GPS

River channel processes and landforms

• relate processes and landforms to each section of the long profile
  

   

   

• calculate channel efficiency of local streams

• river processes
  

   

• River land forms
  

   

   

   

• Channel efficiency

• Carrying out a Field work
  
• Drawing sketch sections and sketch maps
  

   

• Measuring wetted perimeter
  
• Calculating channel efficiency

• Recommended Textbooks
  
  • Talking Books
    
• Zimbabwe digital elevation model (Zimdem)
  
• Data recording sheets,pens,pencils,
  
  • measuring wheel
    
• animations

River flooding and mitigation

• explain river flooding
  
• identify effects of river flooding
  

• assess mitigatory measures
  

• river flooding
  
  • causes
    
  • effects
    
  • control

• Developing and testing hypotheses on the occurrence of floods
  
• Interpreting river regimes

• Recommended Textbooks
  
• Talking Books
  
• Computer such as MS Excel and SPSS software

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

L earners should be able to :

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Factors affecting vegetation distribution

• explain factors affecting vegetation distribution
  

• factors affecting vegetation distribution
  

• Discussing factors affecting vegetation distribution
  

• Recommended textbooks
  
• Their locality
  
• Talking books

Plant succession

• outline sequence of plant succession
  
• describe types of primary plant succession
  
• explain secondary succession

• Prisere
  
• Types of Primary succession
  
• Secondary succession

• Conducting a study on secondary plant succession after a fire/ deforestation
  
• Researching on primary succession such as lithosere

• Recommended textbooks
  
• Their locality
  
• Talking books

Biogeochemical cycles

Gerschmel diagram

• illustrate the carbon and nitrogen cycles
  
• describe carbon and nitrogen cycles
  

• draw the Gerschmel diagram
  
• identify the compartments of nutrients cycles
  
• apply nutrients cycles to tropical biomes

• Biochemical cycles-carbon, nitrogen and oxygen
  

• Gerschmel diagram of nutrients cycling
  
  • Compartments of nutrient cycles
    
  • Nutrients cycling in tropical biomes
    

• Drawing the carbon and nitrogen cycles
  

• Assessing effects to changes of flows in the Gerschmel model in their local area

• Recommended
  

  Textbooks
  

• Local area
  
• Electronic and print media showing different biomes
  

   

   

   

   

   

  
   

Biomass & biomes (tropical and temperate biomes)

• outline inputs of tropical biomes
  
• identify the adaptation of tropical plants to their environment
  
• explain the characteristics of each tropical biomes

• Tropical biomes: tropical rainforest/ hot desert/ savanna grassland/ temperate biome

• Studying the characteristics of a tropical grassland biome in their locality
  

• Their locality
  
• Recommended textbooks
  
• Electronic and print media showing tropical biomes and wild life
  

Biodiversity (plant and animal diversity)

• describe the concept of biodiversity
  

• measure plant diversity in their locality

• Biodiversity
  
  • Measurement of plant species: plant height, crown height and crown width
    

• Quadrant sampling
  
• Measuring of plant characteristics
  
• Presenting data on graphs
  
• Analysing data

• Recommended textbooks
  
• Electronic media e.g. national geographic films showing tropical biomes
  
• Tourism video clips e.g. of Serengeti

Plant and animal adaptation

• explain ways by which plants and animals adapt to climatic conditions in each biome

• Plant and animal adaptation to prevailing climatic conditions
  

• researching ways by which plants and animals adapt to climatic conditions in local environment
  

   

• Drawing sketch diagrams showing structure of tropical biomes

• Recommended textbooks
  
• Electronic and print media showing tropical biomes

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

L earners should be able to :

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

• Population indicators

• calculate the indicators of population
  

   

   

   

• assess the importance of population indicators

• Population Indicators such as :
  
  • Birth rate
    
  • Death rate
    
  • dependency
    

• Calculating Indicators of Population
  
• Explaining factors affecting population indicators
  
• Carrying out a survey on birth and death rates in the local community
  

   

• Discussing the importance of population indicators
  

• Talking Books
  
• Scientific and talking calculators
  
• Media
  
• Resource persons such as from ZimStat, PSI
  
• Local community
  

• Population Health and Diseases
  

• identify diseases that affect population.
  
• outline the effects of diseases
  
• explain scientific ways of combating diseases.
  
• .assess indigenous ways of preventing and curing diseases

• Diseases that affect population
  
  • Cholera
    
  • Tuberculosis
    
  • Malaria
    
  • Ebola
    
  • HIV/AIDS
    
  • Cancer
    
• Prevention and cure
  
• Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS)

• Discussing causes of diseases
  
• Discussing prevention and cure
  
• Researching on prevalent diseases in the community
  
• Designing information material on diseases

• Talking Books
  
• Ministry of Health and Child Care flyers, pamphlets and poster
  
• Resource persons
  
• Videos
  

• Population Growth

• explain the causes of population growth
  
• assess the impact of population growth on development.
  

• Positive and Negative effects of population growth
  
• Trends in Population growth [Demographic Transition Model (DTM)]
  
• Determinants of economic development
  
• Impact of population growth on development
  

• Discussing positive and negative effects of population growth.
  
• Explaining the trends in population growth.
  
• Debating the impact of population growth on development
  
• Touring a resource strained community
  

• Media
  
• Talking books
  
• ZimStat
  
• Census reports
  
• Educational tours

• Population- Resource Relationships

• discuss overpopulation, underpopulation and optimum population
  
• explain Population- Resource Relationships using relevant theories
  
• explain the relationships between population density and resources.

• Overpopulation, under population and optimum population.
  
• Thomas Malthus and Ester Boserup theories
  
• Population density versus Resources:
  

• Discussing population resource relationships.
  
• Applying Malthus and Boserup theories in explaining population-resource relationship
  
• Evaluating Malthus and Boserup theories
  
• Touring an overpopulated community
  

• Talking books
  
• Educational tours
  
• Local community
  
• ZimStat population maps

Population Policies

• explain pro and anti-natalist theories with reference to relevant countries
  
• outline population policies.
  
• evaluate impact of population policies to the economies of countries.

• Pro and anti-natalist theories
  
• Population Policies in countries such as :
  
  • Zimbabwe
    
  • China
    
  • Sweden
    
  • Germany
    
• Impact of population policies

• Discussing Pro and anti-natalist theories
  
• Discussing population policies of different countries.
  
• Assessing impact of the population policies

• Talking books
  
• Population policy documents
  
• Media
  

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES Learners should be able to :

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Site and location of settlements

• identify factors influencing site and location of settlements
  
• explain the site and location of settlements

• Site of settlements
  
• Location of settlements

• Discussing factors affecting site and location of settlements
  
• Assessing the suitability of the site and location of settlements in the local community
  
• Planning the expansion of a local settlement
  
• Visiting resettlement areas

• Media
  
• Talking books
  
• Local community
  
• Maps
  

Settlement Hierarchy

• explain how settlements are classified
  
• classify settlements according to their ranks
  
• discuss settlement classification theories
  

• criteria for classifying settlements
  
  • population size
    
  • function
    
• settlement classification theories
  
  • primacy
    
  • binary
    
  • rank size rule
    
  • nearest neighbour analysis
    

     

• Visiting a local settlement to identify functions
  
• Discussing characteristics of the settlement
  
• Notes on classes of settlements according to population size
  
  • Village
    
  • Service centres
    
  • Growth point
    
  • Town
    
  • City
    
  • Conurbation
    

• Local settlement
  
• Talking books
  
• Maps
  
• Resource persons
  

Settlement and growth Points

• describe the concept of growth points
  
• explain the reasons for establishing growth points
  
• evaluate the growth point policy in Zimbabwe

• Growth Points
  

   

   

• Reasons for establishing growth points
  
• Rate of developments of growth points

• Identifying characteristics of growth points
  
• Touring the local growth point to assess function, population and infrastructure
  
• Initiating projects to accelerate growth using local resources
  
• Proposing measures for future growth

• Talking books
  
• Growth points
  
• Ordinance maps
  
• Growth point policy document

Land Reform and Resettlement

• Explain the importance of land Reform programmes on settlement development
  

• Land Reform induced settlements in Zimbabwe
  
  • A1 settlements
    
  • A2 settlements
    

    
     

• Debating the impact of land reform on settlement development
  
• Touring a local resettlement farm to identify settlement patterns and services
  

• Print Media
  
• Resource persons
  
• Talking books
  
• Resettled areas

• Functions of Rural and Urban Settlements

• Explain the functions of rural and urban settlements

• Rural and urban settlements

• Touring a rural or urban settlement to identify functions
  
• Tabulating and presenting data on functions
  
• Mapping settlement functions in a GIS/manually
  

• Local settlements
  
• Talking books
  
• GIS software
  
• Hand held GPS receivers
  
• computer
  

• Rural- urban interaction

• describe rural- urban interaction

• Relationships between rural and urban settlements

• Discussing interrelationships between rural and urban settlements

• Talking books

• Urbanisation and counter urbanisation

• outline causes of urbanisation and counter urbanisation
  
• explain the impacts of urbanisation
  
• evaluate solutions to urbanisation and counter urbanisation
  

• causes and effects of urbanisation and counter urbanisation
  

   

   

• solutions to urbanisation and counter urbanisation
  

  
   

• planning possible expansion areas
  
• evaluating the impact of urbanisation
  

• Debating on solutions in urbanisation and counter urbanisation.

• Talking books
  
• Local area

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

L earners should be able to :

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Factors affecting Agricultural Production

• identify the factors affecting agricultural production.
  
• explain the factors affecting agricultural production.

• factors affecting agricultural production.

• Discussing factors affecting agricultural production.

• Talking books
  
• Resource person
  

Agricultural Location

• describe the location of Agricultural activities.
  
• explain theories of agricultural location
  
• assess the applicability of theories of agricultural location.
  
• 
  

• Agro-ecological regions
  
• Theories of Agricultural location
  
  • Von Thunen

• Touring a local farming area to assess the applicability of agricultural theories.
  

• Resource person
  
• Talking books
  
• Local farmimg area

Farming systems in the Tropics

• identify farming systems in the Tropics.
  
• describe the characteristics of farming systems.
  
• explain the importance of the farming systems.

• Subsistence farming systems
  
  • Shifting cultivation
    
  • Pastoral nomadism
    
  • Communal farming
    

   

• Commercial farming systems
  
  • Dairy farming
    
  • Horticulture
    
  • Cattle ranching
    
  • Plantation/estates
    
• Major cereal crops
  
  • Maize/wheat/rice
    

• Touring of local farms and identifying activities at the farm.
  
• Discussing characteristics of each farming system.

• Resource Person
  
• Talking books
  
• Local area
  

Green Revolution

Responses to climatic change

• describe the techniques adopted to increase food production.
  
• assess the success of the Green Revolution.
  

   

   

   

   

• explain ways of increasing agricultural production in the face of climatic change

• Green Revolution
  
  • Biochemical changes
    
  • Mechanical changes
    
  • Socio-economic changes
    

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

• Climate change mitigation
  
  • Indigenous crops
    
  • Conservation farming
    
  • post harvesting techniques

• Discussing the Green Revolution techniques.
  
• Debating on the success of the Green Revolution.
  
• Demonstrating Green Revolution techniques.
  

   

   

   

   

• Evaluating the mitigatory measures to climatic change
  
• Growing appropriate indigenous crops to the region

• Talking books
  
• Local area
  
• Indigenous seeds
  
• Media
  
• Resource persons
  

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to :

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Industrial Location and Relocation in Zimbabwe

• describe the theories of industrial location.
  
• assess the applicability of theories of industrial location in Zimbabwe.

• Theories of industrial location such as Weber
  
• Industrial relocation in Zimbabwe

• Discussing theories of industrial location.
  
• Debating the applicability of the theory
  
• Discussing the reasons for relocation in Zimbabwe

• Talking books
  
• Media
  
• Local industries
  
• Maps
  

Industrial Linkages and Agglomeration

• explain industrial linkages and agglomeration.
  
• assess the importance of industrial linkages and agglomeration.

• Backward and Forward Linkages
  
• Economies and Diseconomies of scale.

• Illustrating backward and forward linkages
  
• Discussing importance of industrial linkages and agglomeration.
  
• Touring of local industries

• Resource persons
  
• Talking books
  
• Local industry

Small and medium scale enterprise (SME) in Zimbabwe

• describe the nature of small and medium scale enterprise.
  
• evaluate the importance of small and medium enterprise to the growth of the economy.

• Small and Medium enterprise
  
• Contribution of SMEs to the growth of the economy.
  

• Touring local SMEs to capture their characteristics
  
• Assessing the role of SMEs to the economy.
  

• Videos
  
• Resource persons
  
• Talking books
  
• SMEs

Hi- Tech Industries

• describe Hi-tech industries.
  
• evaluate the importance of hi-tech industries to the economy of the country.

• Hi-Tech industries such as manufacturing of computers and related electrical gadgets.

• Discussing the location of hi-tech industries and their importance to the economy of the country.
  
• Touring hi-tech industries.

• Resource persons
  
• Talking books

Tourism Industry

• Explain the importance of tourism industry.
  
• Describe trends in tourism in Zimbabwe.
  
• Investigate ways of improving tourist attractions in their local area

• Importance of Tourism
  
• Trends in Tourism
  
• Local tourism

• Touring at least two major tourist centres
  
• Discussing the importance of tourism.
  
• Planning tourists developments
  
• Suggesting ways of improving tourism infrastructure
  
• Marketing of local tourist attractions
  
• Developing tourist centres at schools
  

• Talking books
  
• Resource Persons
  
• Tourist resort
  
• ZTA maps
  

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

• Mining legislation and policies of Zimbabwe
  

Environmental Impact Assessment

Prospecting methods

• Mineralogy
  

Small and large scale mining enterprise

• Outline the steps taken to gain mining rights of a claim
  
• Summarise the main contents of each Act
  
• Evaluate the effects of policies on mining.
  

• analyse importance of EIA in mining projects
  

• determine impacts of mining project on the environment
  

• perform an EIA on a hypothetical mining project
  

• Perform testing of samples of ores using different methods
  

• Conclude on result of tests on samples
  

• identify minerals that co-occur in Zimbabwe
  

• describe physio-chemical properties of minerals
  

• draw up a proposal of a mining enterprise
  

• assess the successes and failures of a mining project
  

• Mines and Minerals Act
  
• Environmental Management Act
  
• Minerals marketing corporation of Zimbabwe Act
  
• Precious stones trade Act
  
• Kimberly Process
  

• Importance of EIA
  

• EIA process such as
  
• Public consultation
  
• Scoping and screening
  
• Identification of impacts
  

• IKS prospecting methods
  
• Ultra violet prospecting
  
• Geochemical testing
  
• Geophysical testing
  

   

• Co-occurrence of minerals
  

• Physio-chemical properties of the main minerals of Zimbabwe such as cleavage, colour, specific gravity, hardness
  

• Mining business
  

• Contribution of mining projects to the Zimbabwean economy
  

• Explaining the process of acquiring a mine claim
  
• Interpreting the Acts
  
• Researching on the impacts of policies on mining
  

• Discussing the impacts of EIA on mining
  

• Carrying out an EIA on a mining project
  
• Visiting a nearby mining area such as mineral panning sites, sand abstraction area to assess impacts on the environment
  

• Reflecting mineral presence using ultra violet light
  

• Testing mineral ore physically and chemically
  

• Identifying minerals that co-occur
  

   

• Examining the physio-chemical properties of minerals
  

NB Teachers should ensure safety of learners when using tools and chemicals

• Compiling a cost-benefit analysis of a mining project
  

• Field work at a mine
  

• Mines and Minerals Act
  
• Environmental Management Act
  
• Minerals marketing corporation of Zimbabwe Act
  
• Precious stones trade Gold trade Act
  
• Zimbabwe mining development corporation Act
  

• Relevant software
  

(e.g. Quantum GIS

Arcmap and Arcview)

• Computer
  
• mining area such as mineral panning sites, sand abstraction area
  
• EIA policy document
  
• Resource persons
  

• metal detector
  
• Moh’s scale of hardness
  
• hammer
  
• mineral ore samples
  
• Local environment
  
• Resource persons
  

• metal detector
  
• Moh’s scale of hardness
  
• hammer
  
• mineral ore samples
  
• Local environment
  
• Resource persons
  
• Colour charts
  

• Mine
  
• Resource person
  
• Talking books
  

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Sources of energy in Zimbabwe: Actual and Potential

Clean sources of energy (going green)

Green energy generation

• identify actual and potential energy sources in Zimbabwe
  

• explore opportunities for new energy sources
  

• analyse the environmental impact of using dirty sources of energy
  

• identify gadgets that can be used for the generation of clean energy
  

• draw up a proposal on green energy generation
  

• devising gadgets that can be used for the generation of clean sources

• Potential energy sources
  

• Actual energy sources
  

• Clean sources of energy
  

• Equipment used for generation
  

• Project proposal
  

• Equipment for generating clean energy

• Locating areas with potential and actual sources using remote sensing
  

• Assessing the need to explore potential energy sources
  

• Identifying sources of energy that are ideal for their areas
  

• Demonstrating how the gadgets are used
  

• Justifying the project proposal
  

• Demonstrating the use of the devised equipment

• Talking books
  
• GIS tools
  
• Remote sensing tools
  
• Maps
  

• Solar energy equipment such as lanterns, solar panels, battery, regulators
  

• Recycled material
  
• Biogas digester
  
• Wind farm
  
• Jatropha
  

   

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Distribution of transport systems and their purposes in Zimbabwe.

Transport enterprise

• explain the distribution of transport systems
  

• assess the factors affecting the transport network
  

   

   

• evaluate the impact of the nature of transport systems on development
  

• calculate network indices to determine transport route characteristics
  
• draw up a project proposal of a transport business enterprise
  

• design a road network to ease connectivity problems
  

• Distribution of transport systems
  

• Factors affecting transport network
  

• Impact of transport systems
  

   

   

   

• Transport network indices
  

• Transport business opportunities
  

• Road network design enterprise
  

• Mapping major transport routes of Zimbabwe
  

• Examining the purposes of the patterns
  

• Determining the traffic flows of local routes through traffic counts
  

• Computing the transport indices such as beta index
  

• Proposing transport enterprise project
  

• Designing a road network to ease connectivity problems
  

• Talking books
  
• Routes
  
• Maps
  

• GPS
  

• GIS
  
• Road maps
  

• GIS
  
• Road maps
  
• Talking books
  

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Indicators of economic development

Regional inequalities

• determine the level of development of the immediate local area using indicators of development
  

• assess the advantages and disadvantages of each indicator
  

• describe regional inequalities
  

   

• explain the causes of regional disparities
  

   

   

• evaluate the solution to regional disparities
  

• investigate regional disparities in Zimbabwe
  

• Indicators of economic development
  

• Advantages and disadvantages of each indicator
  

• Regional inequalities
  
  • Zimbabwe
    
  • Africa
    
  • World
    

     

• Causes of regional inequalities
  

• Impact of regional disparities
  

   

• Solutions to the regional disparities

• Analysing the usefulness of each indicator
  

• Carrying out an economic survey of their immediate local area
  

• Explaining the core- periphery concept
  

   

• Outlining the causes of Regional disparities
  

   

   

• Surveying the regional disparities in Zimbabwe
  

   

• Assessing the solutions to regional inequalities
  

• Talking books
  
• Local area
  
• Resource persons
  
• ZimStat reports
  
• relevant journal
  

• Talking books
  
• Maps
  
• Media
  

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

The remote sensing system

• Identify the importance of each component of the remote sensing system in image acquisition
  
• Predict the reflectance associated with key target material

• Components of the remote sensing system (radiation, atmosphere, target, sensor and image)
  
• Reflectance properties of selected target material (vegetation, bare ground, water and built surfaces)

• Illustrating the remote sensing system on diagrams
  
• Identifying the reflectance associated with key target material such as vegetation, bare ground, water and built surfaces
  
• Interpreting spectral signatures of target material

• Satellite images (free online)
  
• Internet for downloading images
  
• GIS software (QGIS, ILWIS, Arcmap, Arcview)
  
• Computers
  
• Ordinance survey maps
  

Image acquisition and structure

• Distinguish passive and active sensors
  
• Identify image bands based on the electromagnetic spectrum
  
• Distinguish image space and feature space

• Passive and active sensors
  
• Multispectral scanners
  
• Electromagnetic spectrum
  
• Image space
  
• Feature space
  

• Distinguishing passive and active sensors
  
• Identifying bandwidths from selected multispectral scanners
  
• Drawing the electromagnetic spectrum
  
• Distinguishing feature and image space
  

• Satellite images (free on the internet)
  
• Internet connection
  
• GIS software (QGIS, ILWIS, Arcmap, Arcview)
  
• Computers

Resolution

• distinguish spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions
  
• select the ideal remote sensing data for specific analysis
  

• Resolution
  
  • Spatial resolution
    
  • Temporal resolution
    
  • Spectral resolution

• Explaining types of resolutions
  
• Choosing the best remote sensing data to use in solving a given situation based on resolution

• Satellite data with different spatial, temporal and spectral resolution.
  
• GIS software (QGIS, ILWIS, Arcmap, Arcview)
  
• Computers
  
• Surveyor General maps
  

Image interpretation

• apply the colour theory in visualising satellite images
  
• visualise satellite images using selected colour composites
  
• interpret images based on image characteristics

• Colour theory and remote sensing images
  
• Colour composites (natural, pseudo natural and false colour)
  
• Interpretation based on image characteristics (size, shape and context)

• Visualising satellite data using colour composites
  
• Interpreting satellite data using image characteristics

• ease connectivity problems
  
• Satellite image (free online).
  
• Internet connection for downloading satellite images
  
• GIS software (QGIS, ILWIS, Arcmap, Arcview)
  
• Computers
  
• Talking books
  

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Spatial interpolation

• collect data on continuous geographic variables in the field
  

   

• apply basic spatial interpolation techniques to describe continuous geographic phenomena

• Ordinary interpolation
  
• Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation

• Collecting data on continuous geographic variables in the field
  
• Interpolating the data in class using ordinary interpolation
  
• Interpolating the data in class using IDW ordinary interpolation
  

• Talking books
  
• Scientific calculators
  
• Computers
  
• Hard copy maps
  
• GIS software such as QGIS, ILWIS, Arcmap, Arcview
  
• Talking calculators
  

Measures of Spatial Autocorrelation

• explain the importance of spatial autocorrelation in geographical analysis
  
• apply relevant statistics to test for spatial autocorrelation

• spatial autocorrelation indices
  
  • Moran’s I
    
  • Gearie’s C
    
• Importance of Spatial autocorrelation tests in Geographical analyses
  

• Collecting data on continuous geographic variables in the field
  
• Testing for spatial autocorrelation using the Moran’s I index
  
• Testing for spatial autocorrelation using the Gearie’s C index
  

  
   

• Talking books
  
• Scientific calculators
  
• Computers
  
• Hard copy maps
  
• GIS software such as QGIS, ILWIS, Arcmap, Arcview
  

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Environmental Impact Assessment

• conduct an EIA of a development project in their local area

• Stages of EIA
  
• Scoping and screening
  
• Identification of impact
  
• Mitigation measures
  
• Environmental monitoring plan
  
• Preparation of EIA document

• Visiting the project area
  
• Collecting relevant data
  
• Suggesting mitigatory measures
  
• Preparation of EIA project

• Local environment
  
• Resource person from EMA
  
• EMA Act 20:27
  
• Talking books

Environmental management projects

• conduct an environmental management project in their local area

• Problem
  

  identification and justification
  

• Project proposal
  
• Monitoring and evaluation
  

• Conducting any one of the following projects in their local area: waste management/ land reclamation/ reforestation
  
• Compiling a project report

• Local environment
  
• Print and electronic media showing polluted environments
  
• Talking books
  

  
   

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Microclimates

• describe the development of microclimates
  
• explain the effects of microclimates
  
• compare temperature and rainfall in areas with microclimate and the adjacent area without
  

• microclimates such as urban heat island, land and sea breezes, forested areas

• Explaining the development of microclimates
  
• discussing effects of microclimates
  
  • distinguishing temperature and rainfall in areas with microclimate and the adjacent area without
    

• Videos
  
• climatic records of urban areas
  
• SPSS
  
• Talking books
  
• Scientific and talking calculator

Climate Change

• explain the causes of climate change
  
• discuss the effects climate change
  
• evaluate climate change mitigation and adaptation measures
  

• Causes of climatic change
  
  • Natural climatic changes
    
  • Anthropogenic climatic changes(Global warming)
    
    • El Nino
      
    • La Nina
      
  • Effects of climate change
    
• Climate change mitigation and adaptation

• describing causes of climate change
  
• Discussing effects of El Nino and La Nina to Zimbabwe, Southern Africa and the World.
  
• Analysing the effects of global warming
  
• Assessing climate change mitigation and adaptation measures

• World atmospheric circulation map
  
• Talking books
  
• Local environment

Weather and climatic hazards and mitigation

• explain the causes of weather and climatic hazards
  
• discuss the effects of weather and climatic hazards
  
• assess the effectiveness of adaptation and mitigatory measures

• Weather and Climatic hazards
  
  • Drought
    
  • Floods
    
  • Tropical cyclones/tornados/hurricanes/ typhoon
    
  • Heatwaves
    
  • Causes and effects of weather and climatic hazards
    
  • Adaptation and mitigatory measures
    

• discussing the causes and effects of weather and climatic hazards
  
• Suggesting mitigatory measures to climatic hazards
  

• Videos
  
• Talking books
  
• Maps
  
• Satellite images
  
• Simulation
  

  models
  

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Tropical landform development

• Discuss theories of inselberg formation
  
• Explain landform development in limestone regions
  
• Identify characteristics of resultant landforms

• theories of inselberg formation
  
• karst landscape
  
• duricrust
  

• Discussing theories of inselberg formation
  
• Describing landform formation in limestone landscapes
  
• Sketching tropical landforms

• Talking books
  
• DEM i.e Zimdem

Hazards, Impact and mitigation

• explain the distribution of hazards resulting from mass movements
  
• discuss the causes and effects of hazards resulting from mass movements
  
• assess the effectiveness of mitigatory and adaptation measures

• hazards resulting from mass movements such as mud flows, landslides and rock falls
  
• Causes
  
• Effects
  
• Mitigation
  

  
   

• Mapping/sketching the distribution of hazards resulting from mass movements
  
  • Discussing causes and effects of hazards resulting from mass movements
    
• Evaluating mitigatory and adaptation measures

• Talking books
  
• Maps
  
• Satellite images
  
• Media
  

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Soil forming factors, soil profiles and soil catena

• explain Jenny’s formula of soil forming factors
  
• conduct fieldwork on soil profiles
  
• describe the soil catena

• Jenny’s formula of soil forming factors
  

• Soil catena
  

• Drawing soil profiles
  
• Drawing a soil catena
  
• Carrying out fieldwork on soil profile
  
• Carrying out fieldwork on soil catena
  

• Their locality
  
• Talking books

Measurement of soil characteristics

• sample soils
  
• measure soil parameters
  
• present data on graphs
  
• analyse data
  

• Soil parameters:
  
  • Texture
    
  • Structure
    
  • pH
    
  • Moisture content
    
  • Organic content
    
  • Soil colour
    
  • Depth

• Collecting soil samples
  
• Measuring soil parameters
  
• Drawing graphs
  
• Analysing data

• Their locality
  
• Talking books
  
• Soil sampling equipment and testing kit
  
• Graph paper
  
• Scientific calculator

Sustainable management of ecosystems

• outline ways of conserving tropical biomes
  
• plant school woodlots
  
• evaluate measures that have been used to conserve tropical ecosystems

• Management of ecosystems
  
  • Against commercial logging
    
  • Against veld fires and poaching
    
  • Against human encroachment

• Establishing school woodlots
  
• Forming an environmental club
  
• Forming fire- fighting committee
  
• Keeping small wild animal species such as quail birds
  

• Resource persons from EMA, forestry commission, parks and wildlife management
  
• local environment
  
• Talking books

• TOPIC

• OBJECTIVES
  
• Learners should be able to :

• CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

• SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Sphere of Influence

• Explain how the sphere of influence is determined.
  
• Discuss the importance of spheres of influence
  
• Delimit the sphere of influence

• Determining the sphere of Influence
  
• Importance of the sphere of influence.
  

• Demonstrating spheres of influence.
  
• Fieldwork on delimiting the sphere of influence of a local service centre
  
• Discussing the importance of spheres of influence.

• Resource persons
  
• Talking books
  
• local service centre

Delimitation of the CBD

• Delineate the areal extent of the CBD.
  

• CBD
  
• Central Business District Indices
  

   

• Descriptive methods such as traffic lights, pedestrian and vehicle flows

• Delineating the CBD.
  
• Fieldwork such as traffic lights, pedestrian and vehicle counts

• Maps
  
• Talking books
  
• Local urban area

Rural and Urban Land use Planning

• identify planning techniques for rural and urban land use.
  
• Apply the techniques of land use planning.

• Planning techniques
  
• Aspects of Environmental design

• Planning land uses using GIS/maps
  
• Designing Models of rural and urban areas.

• GIS software
  
• Talking books
  
• Maps
  

• TOPIC

• OBJECTIVES
  
• Learners should be able to :

• CONTENT

• SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

• SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Migration

• Explain the forms of migration
  
• Describe the trends in migration.
  

• Types of migration
  
• Migration Trends
  

• Debating on forms of migration
  
• Discussing migration trends
  

• Talking books
  
• Media
  
• Maps
  
• Animations

Patterns of Migration

• describe patterns of migration.
  
• assess applicability of migration models.

• Patterns of Migration
  
• Models of Migration

• Discussing patterns of migration.
  
• Assessing applicability of migration models

• Talking books
  
• Maps
  
• Media

Causes and impact of Migration

• Describe the causes and impact of migration.
  
• Evaluate the impact of migration.

• Causes of Migration
  
• Impact of Migration

• Discussing the causes and impact of migration
  
• Debating the effects of migration.

• Talking books
  
• Maps
  
• Media

TOPIC

OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to :

CONTENT

SUGGESTED NOTES AND ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Land Reform and Food Security in Zimbabwe

• Explain the importance of the need for land reform in Zimbabwe
  
• Evaluate the contribution of land reform to food production

• Land Reform Programme in Zimbabwe.
  
• Trends in food production since year 2000

• Touring a local resettlement area.
  
• Discussing the contribution of land reform to food production.
  

• Media
  
• Resource Person
  
• Resettlement area
  
• ZimStat

Value addition and Agri- business

• Explain the forms and importance of agri-business
  
• Explain forms of value addition in Agriculture
  
• Assess the role of value addition in Agri-business.

• Forms of agri-business
  
• Value addition in Agriculture
  

• Discussing forms and importance of agri-business
  
• Discussing the importance of value addition in Agriculture.
  
• Debating the role of value addition in Agriculture
  
• Exhibiting value added products at Agricultural Exhibitions

• Media
  
• Resource Person
  
• Exhibition shows

Climate change and other threats to food security

• Describe the threats to food security
  
• Assess the impact of climate change to food security.

• Threats to food security :
  
  • Climate Change :
    
  • Global warming
    
  • Droughts
    
  • Floods
    
  • Pests and Diseases